Citing Special Sources: E-I
Created by Health Science Librarians
Electronic Book
Electronic books are handled very similarly to print books, except with the addition of a URL and date accessed.
AMA
Use following elements where applicable:
Full books:
Authors(s) (or Editors eds. after name). Book Title. Edition. (city, state, or, for Canada, city, province, country, or, all others, city, country): publisher's name; year of publication. Accessed [Month Date, year].
Chapters:
Author(s). Chapter title. In: Editors, ed(s). Book Title. Edition. Publisher's location (city, state, or, for Canada, city, province, country, or, all others, city, country): publisher's name; year of publication. URL: [provide the URL and verify that the link works before submission]. Accessed [Date]. Pages.
APA
Use following elements where the book can only be purchased or accessed online, and is not in print.
Full books:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title. Publisher. URL
Example:
Brown, K.A. & Simpson, E.R. (2014). Obesity and breast cancer. Springer. http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4899-8002-1
Chapters:
Author, A. A. (Year). Chapter title. In: Editors, ed(s). Book title (pages of chapters). Publisher. URL
If there are no page numbers, use the chapter or entry title.
Murphy, F. G., Fawcett, S. B., Schultz, J. A., & Holt, C. A. (2013). Fundamental core concepts in the community engagement, organization, and development process. In: F. Murphy (Ed.). Community engagement, organization, and development for public health practice (pp. 1-24). Ebsco. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=478522&site=ehost-live
Government/Organization Reports
AMA
Use following elements where applicable:
Reports with named authors: Author AA. Title of the report. URL. Series Name and series number. Published Month, Day, Year. Updated Month, Day, Year. Accessed Month, Day, Year.
Institutional authors: Name of the organization. Title of the report. URL. Series Name and series number. Published Month, Day, Year. Updated Month, Day, Year. Accessed Month, Day, Year.
APA
Use following elements where applicable:
Reports with named authors:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of work (Report No. XXX). Publisher. URL
Institutional authors:
Name of the organization. (Year). Title of work (Report No. XXX). Publisher. URL
Graphs
In papers or manuscripts you shouldn't cite or reproduce a specific graph from a paper, so there isn't a formal rule regarding how to give attribution when reproducing a graph in a presentation. It is generally recommended to attribute the graph as you would anything else. So let's say you want to attribute this graph:
Which was taken from the Graph from New Zealand's National Institute for Communicable Diseases' Monthly Surveillance Report available here: http://www.nicd.ac.za/assets/files/Monthly%20NICD%20Surveillance%20Report%20-%20January%202013.pdf
AMA
Attribute it with a number and then cite the report as you would any other report. If you need help with how to do that, see our section above on citing Organization or Government reports.
Authors (or Organization). Title of table or description of data. Journal/original publisher. Publication year; issue: pages.
Example:
1. National Institute for Communicable Diseases'. Number of Salmonella cases by month in South Africa, 2012 and 2013. National Institute for Communicable Diseases' Monthly Surveillance Report. 2013:4. http://www.nicd.ac.za/assets/files/Monthly%20NICD%20Surveillance%20Report%20-%20January%202013.pdf. Accessed 11/21/2014.
APA
Use the standard in-text citation style, which in this case would be (NICD, 2013) then cite it at the end as you would any other report. If you need help with how to do that, see our section above on citing Organization or Government reports
Name of researching organization. (year). [Brief explanation of what type of data it is, what form it is in]. Project Information. URL
Example:
National Institute for Communicable Diseases. (2013). [Number of Salmonella cases by month in South Africa, 2012 and 2013]. National Institute for Communicable Diseases' Monthly Surveillance Report. http://www.nicd.ac.za/assets/files/Monthly%20NICD%20Surveillance%20Report%20-%20January%202013.pdf
Images
In papers or manuscripts you shouldn't cite or reproduce a specific image from a paper, so there isn't a formal rule regarding how to give attribution when reproducing a image in a presentation. It is generally recommended to attribute the image as you would anything else. So let's say you want to attribute this image:
This was taken from the State-Specific Trends in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Adults --- United States, 2000--2009 report from the CDC available here: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a1.htm?s_cid=mm5935a1_w
AMA
Attribute it with a number and then cite the report as you would any other report. If you need help with how to do that, see our section above on citing Organization or Government reports.
APA
Use the standard in-text citation style, which in this case would be (CDC, 2010) then cite it at the end as you would any other report. If you need help with how to do that, see our section above on citing Organization or Government reports
In Process
In Process is the designation for manuscripts which have been submitted, but not accepted for publication. The reasoning for specifying the year the manuscript was written rather than when it was submitted is that the publication process may take enough time to cause a disparity between the year it was submitted to the publisher and the year it is published. You should not name the journal it was submitted to because the manuscript may be rejected by the journal and resubmitted to another journal which would cause your citation to be misleading and inaccurate.
AMA
In AMA, material submitted for publication but not accepted is considered unpublished data.
Use following elements where applicable in text:
A.A. Author, Degree abbreviated (unpublished data, year manuscript was written)
APA
Use following elements where applicable:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year the manuscript was written). Title of paper [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Department, Institution.
In Press
In Press is the term used for articles which have been accepted for publication by a journal, but not formally published. There may be advanced copies of the article available from the publisher's website, but since it has been formally published is no volume or page numbers. In cases of an article being available on the publisher's website, you may need to include some additional information to complete the citation.
AMA
Use following elements where applicable:
Author AA. Title. Journal (Abbreviated). In press.
APA
Use following elements where applicable:
Accepted for publication, but no advanced copy available: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (in press). Title of paper. Journal.
Advance copy available: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year the advanced copy is posted to the journal's website). Title of paper [Advance online publication]. Journal. DOI or URL
Issue Briefs
AMA
Use following elements where applicable:
Name of Instutiton or Organization. Title of the issue brief. Journal. Year of publication: Issue Brief Number.
APA
Use following elements where applicable:
Name of the Institution. (Year, Month Day). Title of the issue brief (Issue Brief No. XXX). Publisher. URL
