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Census Data Resources: Make Maps, Reports and Data Extracts

Guide to (mostly online) resources for manipulating and extracting Census data.

It's Easy to Make Census Maps Online

Chapel Hill - Durham - Raleigh Health Insurance Coverage by County, 2019

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This map was created with ArcGIS Online. Interactive maps are easy to make and can be shared or embedded in websites. The Demographics and Lifestyle group provides ready-made datasets you can use to make easy interactive maps. See the ArcGIS Online documentation to get started.

Map From Social Explorer: 2010 Population Density by Census Tract

You can make a single map, side by side or swipe map of a variety of census demographic information for webpages and presentations in Social Explorer. Simple instructions for using Social Explorer map tools can be found here.

How to Choose a Data Tool

Social Explorer is the easiest tool to use but other tools may be more appropriate in certain circumstances.

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  • What year do you need?
Answer

data.census.gov has only the most recent years of its surveys; Social Explorer has all.

  • What geography do you need?
Answer

data.census.gov has all available geographies; Social Explorer has the most common ones.

  • Which variable(s) do you need?
Answer

data.census.gov has all available variables; Social Explorer doesn’t have variables that involve some suppression.

  • Are the pre-fabricated tables sufficient or do you need to create your own?
Answer

Only Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) tools* allow you to create your own, such as the Bureau's /mdat/ tool or IPUMS USA.

  • Do you need to make a map without using GIS?
Answer

Social Explorer has this capability.  (Note, the Maps interface has fewer variables than the Tables interface.)

  • Do you need microdata?
Answer

Access PUMS data* either through the Census Bureau's /mdat/ tool, or through IPUMS USA. (Only available geographies are public use microdata areas [PUMAs, 100,000 people minimum], super-PUMAs [500,000 people minimum] or higher levels of geography, e.g., states.) Another option is to apply to use the Triangle Census Research Data Center through the Carolina Population Center, but this is a long-term process—six months or more.

  • What data do you need?
Answer

data.census.gov has most of the (current) Bureau surveys; Social Explorer has a wider variety of datasets (including some non-U.S. ones); /mdat/* has the Current Population Survey (but not its full history).  IPUMS offers all years of the decennial Census and ACS, and the CPS back to 1962.

  • Are you interested in using code, such as R or Python, or an API to access Census data?
Answer

See the box titled Developer Tools for Pulling Census Data for links to various options.

*If you need to use microdata and need assistance, contact the Librarian for Numeric Data Services and Data Management.

Developer Tools for Pulling Census Data (e.g, with Python and R)

Currently all Census developer tools are built on top of the Census Bureau's APIs.  If you're not familiar with APIs, please read this introduction.

 

What is an API?

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) typically make it possible to call content (in this case, Census data) directly from a provider's database.  With Census data, the Bureau's APIs are excellent ways to extract a large amount of data at once, like all of the Census tracts in the country for five or ten or 500 variables. 

 

API Keys

APIs generally either require a "key" code, or may provide access to more content if you have one. 

Using an API key signals to the provider that you are a legitimate user of its service rather than a malevolent attacker.

Developer pages such as the Census Bureau's (linked below) provide information about how to request an API key, and they are usually free of charge.  If you're accessing an API using code (e.g., R, Python, etc.), sample code usually includes a dummy to indicate where to include your key, e.g., [insert_API_key_here].

 

Census APIs Inconsistent

The Census Bureau must maintain different datasets for different data collection programs.  For example, the datasets for the decennial Census are different from those for the American Community Survey, which are different from the Economic Census'.  Consequently, the Bureau offers separate APIs to access each program's data.  Census APIs are not identical to each other in their protocols.  If you switch between them, you should not expect that what you've learned in one will be fully applicable in another.

 

R Tools
 
Python Tools
 
APIs

How to Cite These Resources

 

For more information see our guide:

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