Implicit Bias: Bias in Other Disciplines
Provides resources on implicit bias, also called unconscious bias.
What is Bias?
"A bias is a tendency, inclination, or prejudice toward or against something or someone."
Test Yourself for Bias
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Implicit Association TestFrom Project Implicit. Includes the following IAT tests: Weight, Skin-tone, Gender-Career, Presidents, Race, Age, Asian, Sexuality, Transgender, Gender-Science, Arab-Muslim, Religion, Disability, Weapons.
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Test Yourself for Hidden BiasFrom Learning for Justice, formerly Teaching Tolerance
Articles
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California Law Review : Issue on Implicit BiasCalifornia Law Review (2006). 94(4)
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Restorative correctional officer training in the 21st centuryLeyderman, M., Collins, J., & Dickie, I. (2018). Respect AND tolerance: Restorative correctional officer training in the 21st century. American Jails, 32(2), 31-34.
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Implicit Racial Bias and Police Use of Lethal Force: Justifiable Homicide or Potential Discrimination?Price, J.H. & Payton, E. Implicit Racial Bias and Police Use of Lethal Force: Justifiable Homicide or Potential Discrimination? Journal of African American Studies (2017) 21: 674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-017-9383-3
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Integrating Implicit Bias Into Counselor EducationBoysen, G. A. (2010). Integrating Implicit Bias Into Counselor Education. Counselor Education & Supervision, 49(4), 210–227. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2010.tb00099.x
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Cognitive Bias in Software EngineeringStacy, W., & Macmillian, J. (1995). Cognitive Bias in Software Engineering. Communications of the ACM, 38(6), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1145/203241.203256
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Cognitive Biases and Errors as Cause—and Journalistic Best Practices as EffectChristian, S. (2013). Cognitive Biases and Errors as Cause—and Journalistic Best Practices as Effect. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 28(3), 160–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2013.794674
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Empathy Intervention to Reduce Implicit Bias in Pre-Service TeachersWhitford, D. K., & Emerson, A. M. (2019). Empathy Intervention to Reduce Implicit Bias in Pre-Service Teachers. Psychological Reports, 122(2), 670–688. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118767435
Readings
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The Lens of Implicit BiasFrom the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
Looks at the bias with which people view the world, how that bias impacts decisions and how to reduce the implicit bias in our decision-making, in juvenile and family justice. -
Minimizing and addressing implicit bias in the workplaceFrom the Association of College & Research Libraries
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We Are All Racist: Using Storytelling to Overcome Implicit BiasBias in the arts
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What Lies Beneath: The Truth About Unconscious BiasDo men write better plays than women? We think we know that’s not true. So why does the disparity persist?
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Diversity ToolkitNational Education Association
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Diversity Standards: Cultural Competency for Academic Libraries (2012)Association of College & Research Libraries
Videos
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Working on Ourselves Mitigating Unconscious Bias in Literature SearchingNorth Carolina Library Association webinar
27:24 minutes -
Impact of Implicit Bias on the Justice SystemJudge Bernice Donald and Judge Mark W. Bennett discuss the impact of implicit bias on the justice system
9:14 minutes -
Students Speak Up: What Bias Means to ThemOne year after the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., middle school students in a neighboring district discuss racial bias.
2:17 minutes -
Cultural Humility: People, Principles, and PracticesDocumentary by San Francisco State Professor Vivian Chávez, that mixes poetry with music, interviews, archival footage, images of community, nature and dance to explain what "Cultural Humility" is and why we need it.
30 minutes -
Intersectionality TED TalkNow more than ever, it's important to look boldly at the reality of race and gender bias -- and understand how the two can combine to create even more harm. Kimberlé Crenshaw uses the term "intersectionality" to describe this phenomenon; as she says, if you're standing in the path of multiple forms of exclusion, you're likely to get hit by both. In this moving talk, she calls on us to bear witness to this reality and speak up for victims of prejudice.
18:50 minutes -
Give Nothing to RacismNew Zealand Human Rights Commission
1:50 minutes
Books in Catalog
The books below are available in the UNC Chapel Hill Libraries. If you aren't affiliated with UNC, contact your local library for these and other books on implicit bias.
Books
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Implicit Racial Bias Across the Law by Despite cultural progress in reducing overt acts of racism, stark racial disparities continue to define American life. This book is for anyone who wonders why race still matters and is interested in what emerging social science can contribute to the discussion. The book explores how scientific evidence on the human mind might help to explain why racial equality is so elusive. This new evidence reveals how human mental machinery can be skewed by lurking stereotypes, often bending to accommodate hidden biases reinforced by years of social learning. Through the lens of these powerful and pervasive implicit racial attitudes and stereotypes, Implicit Racial Bias across the Law examines both the continued subordination of historically disadvantaged groups and the legal system's complicity in the subordination.Call Number: KF384 .I48 2012ISBN: 9781107010956Publication Date: 2012-04-23 -
Anti-Bias Education for Young Children and Ourselves by Become a skilled anti-bias teacher with this eagerly awaited successor to the influential Anti-Bias Curriculum! This volume offers practical guidance on confronting and eliminating barriers of prejudice, misinformation, and bias and provides tips for helping staff and children respect each other, themselves, and all people.Individual chapters focus on culture and language, racial identity, family structures, gender identity, economic class, different abilities, holidays, and more.Call Number: LC1099.3 .D476 2010ISBN: 9781928896678Publication Date: 2009-10-23 -
Skewed : a critical thinker's guide to media bias by In a media landscape dominated by advocacy news networks pushing competing points of view, how can the average person uncover the truth about any particular issue? This book will show you how to separate the facts from the agenda-driven spin and selective presentation often used by such news sources as Fox and MSNBC. The author describes the goals of advocacy journalism-i.e., journalism that transparently advocates a biased worldview-and shows that it has been a part of our history since the 1700s. He assesses the role of talk radio, cable news networks, and the more recent phenomena of special-interest blogs, websites, and citizen journalists in creating the current media climate. While conceding that advocacy journalism is undoubtedly popular and has some positive aspects, the author also points out its many negative features. Perhaps the most important of these is its polarizing effect on society. Skewedwill give readers the tools to critique the media, to see both sides of any issue, and to become better informed citizens and voters.Call Number: PN4888.O25 A875 2016ISBN: 9781633881655Publication Date: 2016-08-16 -
Bias in science and communication : a field guide by Bias is a natural outcome of our thinking patterns. The nature of our cognitive processes leads to inherent limitations, resulting in predictable biases in both our own judgements and the interpretation of our communications by the public, by policymakers and even other scientists. This book will introduce the concept of biases arising from cognitive limitations and tendencies with a focus of the implications of this for scientists in particular. It begins with an initial quiz designed to demonstrate key biases - allowing readers to look back at the responses that they provided prior to reading about specific biases and thus see, without the impact of hindsight bias, whether they were susceptible to the effects.Call Number: ONLINEISBN: 9780750313124Publication Date: 2018-08-17 -
Prejudice in the press? : investigating bias in coverage of race, gender, sexuality and religion by Charges of "fake news" tend to be politically motivated whether made by Republicans or Democrats. Yet the potential for media bias is real and deserves an honest assessment. Using an audit technique--providing journalists with similar scenarios but altering key details--the authors evaluate whether reporters and editors write different narratives depending on the characteristics of the principle issues in the story. The results indicate that race, gender, sexuality and religion have little effect on whether a story will be covered, but do color the story that is written. Data suggest that news personnel may be operating in ways that promote progressive political leanings. The results of this study are important for journalists seeking to move closer to objective standards of reporting.Call Number: PN4888.O25 Y35 2019ISBN: 9781476671482Publication Date: 2018-11-07 -
Algorithms of oppression : how search engines reinforce racism by As seen in Wired and Time A revealing look at how negative biases against women of color are embedded in search engine results and algorithms Run a Google search for "black girls"--what will you find? "Big Booty" and other sexually explicit terms are likely to come up as top search terms. But, if you type in "white girls," the results are radically different. The suggested porn sites and un-moderated discussions about "why black women are so sassy" or "why black women are so angry" presents a disturbing portrait of black womanhood in modern society. In Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Umoja Noble challenges the idea that search engines like Google offer an equal playing field for all forms of ideas, identities, and activities. Data discrimination is a real social problem; Noble argues that the combination of private interests in promoting certain sites, along with the monopoly status of a relatively small number of Internet search engines, leads to a biased set of search algorithms that privilege whiteness and discriminate against people of color, specifically women of color. Through an analysis of textual and media searches as well as extensive research on paid online advertising, Noble exposes a culture of racism and sexism in the way discoverability is created online. As search engines and their related companies grow in importance--operating as a source for email, a major vehicle for primary and secondary school learning, and beyond--understanding and reversing these disquieting trends and discriminatory practices is of utmost importance. An original, surprising and, at times, disturbing account of bias on the internet, Algorithms of Oppression contributes to our understanding of how racism is created, maintained, and disseminated in the 21st century. Safiya Noble discusses search engine bias in an interview with USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism Call Number: ZA4230 .N63 2018ISBN: 9781479837243Publication Date: 2018-02-20 -
Proactive policing : effects on crime and communities by CHAPTERS 7 & 8. Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term proactive policing to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.Call Number: HV8141 .P763 2018ISBN: 9780309467131Publication Date: 2018-03-23 -
Asset price response to new information : the effects of conservatism bias and representativeness heuristic by Asset Price Response to New Information examines the effect of two types of psychological biases (namely, conservatism bias and representativeness heuristic) on the asset price reaction to new information. The author constructs various models of a competitive securities market or a security market allowing for strategic interaction among traders to prove rigorously that either conservatism or representativeness is capable of generating both asset price overreaction and underreaction to new information. The results shed some new insights on the phenomena of the asset price overreaction and underreaction to new information. In the literature, very little has been published in this area of behavioral finance. This volume will appeal to graduate-level students and researchers in finance, behavioral finance, and financial engineering.Call Number: ONLINEISBN: 9781461493686Publication Date: 2013-10-17 -
Cognitive biases in the capital investment context : theoretical considerations and empirical experiments on violations of normative rationality by Sebastian Serfas shows how cognitive biases systematically affect and distort capital investment-related decision making and business judgements. He provides a large number of examples that every business practitioner might encounter every day, demonstrates the detrimental effects through various empirical experiments, and outlines potential counterstrategies to mitigate these negative effects.Call Number: ONLINEISBN: 9783834926432Publication Date: 2010-11-25 -
You don't need four women to play Shakespeare : bias in contemporary American theatre by Based on 50 structured interviews (with actors, actresses, directors, and stage managers) and a random survey of 244 performers who worked in Washington, D.C., from May 1986 to May 1987, this study looks at gender and other bias in the American theater. The interviewees, ranging in age from 19 to 78, reflect on bias against women in the theater; lack of parts, age and race stereotypes, unequal pay, workplace harassment, and so on.Call Number: PN2293.C38 P76 1992ISBN: 0899507298Publication Date: 1992-07-01
