UNC-Chapel Hill students were active participants in civil rights protests in Chapel Hill. On February 28, 1960, nine students from Chapel Hill's all-Black Lincoln High School sat at a booth in the Colonial Drug Store in defiance of segregation. The Chapel Hill Nine inspired a decade of direct-action demonstrations in the Town. As the protests grew in size and in volume, many who had the impression of Chapel Hill as a quiet, liberal town were surprised by the violent reaction to the protestors and the stubborn determination of several restaurant owners to retain segregated facilities. An effort to pass a public accommodations ordinance in early 1964 was narrowly defeated by the town council and Chapel Hill businesses remained formally segregated until the passage of the federal Civil Rights Act later that year.
Archival materials are an excellent resource for researchers interested in the civil rights protests at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The following are just a few examples of the archival resources that can be found on this subject.
John B. Dunne Papers, 1943-1984
John Dunne was a civil rights activist in Chapel Hill and a student at the University of North Carolina. While at UNC, Dunne helped establish a chapter of the Student Peace Union, a student group involved in a number of civil rights demonstrations in the area. This collection includes material, such as correspondence and newspaper clippings, about Dunne's activities in Chapel Hill as well as elsewhere in the South.
Jim Wallace Collection, 1960-2013
Collection contains images made by white photojournalist Jim Wallace both during his time as an undergraduate student at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1960-1964, and images made later in his career while working at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., from 1998 to 2013. The images from Chapel Hill, N.C., chiefly depict scenes on university campus and other campus activities and were taken when Wallace served as a student photographer for The Daily Tar Heel. Also included are images made by Wallace at the national March on Washington (D.C.) for Jobs and Freedom in August of 1963. Wallace was a member of the National Press Club for 25 years and the collection also contains thousands of images depicting speakers Wallace photographed regularly at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., between 1998 and 2013. The collection also includes some civil rights-era ephemera collected by Wallace at various events as well as images taken by Wallace at exhibits and projects that featured his images of civil rights movement.
Floyd B. McKissick Papers, 1940s-1980s
Along with Harvey Beech, James Lassiter, and J. Kenneth Lee, McKissick was one the first African Americans to attend law school at UNC-Chapel Hill. He was a well-known civil rights lawyer and activist in North Carolina connected to several demonstrations in Chapel Hill. Papers related to the cases of individuals arrested during demonstrations in Chapel Hill are included in the collection.
William Friday was the president of the University of North Carolina System for over three decades. This collection contains records related to a number of important events at UNC-Chapel Hill including the desegregation of the University, campus demonstrations, and the implementation of civil rights legislation.
Don Irish slides documenting "Chapel Hill Freedom March," circa summer 1963
This series consists of five color slides documenting a "Freedom March" sponsored by the "Chapel Hill Committee for Open Business" in the summer of 1963. The Chapel Hill Committee for Open Business (COB) was a grassroots organization formed to promote the de-segregation of local businesses and to pressure city officials for policy change regarding public accommodation laws. Photographs were taken by UNC faculty member Don Irish. The related blog post "Walking Down a Black-and-White Road," written by Irish's daughter Sharon Irish, is also included.
Ehle, John. The Free Men. 1965. C326 E33f.
Ehle's book offers a first-hand account of the beginnings of the Civil Rights movement at UNC-Chapel Hill. The author discusses students protests and sit-ins and the ultimately unsuccessful attempt to pass a public accommodations bill in Chapel Hill. Ehle was a professor at UNC during the early 1960s.
Coleman, Jeffrey. In Every Village and Every City: Civil Rights Protest in Chapel Hill and Greensboro, North Carolina, 1960-1964. 1997. C378 UO7 1997 v.1
Coleman discusses civil rights protests in Chapel Hill. His work begins with a description of the town and the University in the decade preceding the outbreak of protests. Coleman also describes student protests and the reaction of local citizens to civil rights activities. The relationship between student protesters at UNC and student movements at other universities in the state is also discussed.
McCurry, Douglas. The Ideological Conflict Over Race: Chapel Hill in 1963-64, 1968-69, and 1991-93. 1994. C378 UO7 1994 v. 5
McCurry examines three crucial periods in Chapel Hill's racial history with a focus on the different ideas of race. He discusses the ideologies of early Chapel Hill civil rights demonstrators and their opponents, the goals of the groups involved, and the way in which the issues and goals important to protesters changed over time.
Wallace, Jim. Courage in the Moment: The Civil Rights Struggle, 1961-1964. 2012. C326 W191c
Wallace's book documents civil rights activities in Chapel Hill and the surrounding area through photographs taken at the time. The images show both University of North Carolina students and local citizens participating in a variety of protests and illustrate the interaction between the police and protesters. The reaction of the Ku Klux Klan to the call for civil rights is also documented. Photographs are accompanied by text.
Chapman, John Kenyon. Black Freedom and the University of North Carolina, 1793-1960. 2006. C378 UO2 2006 CHAPMAN, J.K.
Chapman's work examines the the relationship between the UNC-Chapel Hill and African Americans beginning with the founding of the University and a discussion of slavery's role in the school's early development and ending with a discussion of Jim Crow and the civil rights struggle at the University in the 1960s. Student protests are included in this discussion. This volume provides historical context for events in the late 20th century and early 21st century.