Researching the Wilmington 1898 Massacre and Coup: Secondary Sources
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Monographs
Democracy Betrayed by ISBN: 0807824518Publication Date: 1998-11-10Contributors to this important book hope to draw public attention to the tragedy, to honor its victims, and to bring a clear and timely historical voice to the debate over its legacy. The contributors are David S. Cecelski, William H. Chafe, Laura F. Edwards, Raymond Gavins, Glenda E. Gilmore, John Haley, Michael Honey, Stephen Kantrowitz, H. Leon Prather Sr., Timothy B. Tyson, LeeAnn Whites, and Richard Yarborough.
Moving Forward Together by ISBN: 9780979243158Publication Date: 2008-11-01A publication of the 1898 Memorial Foundation, Wilmington, North Carolina.
A Day of Blood by ISBN: 9780865263444Publication Date: 2009-01-01In this thoroughly researched, definitive study, LeRae Umfleet examines the actions that precipitated the riot; the details of what happened in Wilmington on November 10, 1898; and the long-term impact of that day in both North Carolina and across the nation.
Narrative, Political Unconscious and Racial Violence in Wilmington, North Carolina by ISBN: 0415949580Publication Date: 2004-12-20
Jim Crow in North Carolina by ISBN: 9781531017712Publication Date: 2020-11-02"Over one hundred years ago, the legal scholar Roscoe Pound drew an important distinction between law in books and law in action. This book reveals the distance between the law in books and the law in action with regard to the de jure system of Jim Crow in North Carolina. This book sets out in two appendices all of the race-conscious laws enacted in North Carolina between 1865 and 1920, but the author argues that the application and operation of the laws was much more important on the ground than the statutory text. Moreover, the author contends that the racial contagion which swept the state during the elections in 1898 and 1900-the White Supremacy Campaigns-dramatically changed white attitudes in such a way that the operation of the law changed dramatically, as well"--- The Negro and Fusion Politics in North Carolina, 1894-1901 by ISBN: 0846216922Publication Date: 1973-03-01
Dixie's Daughters by ISBN: 9780813064130Publication Date: 2019-03-05Karen Cox traces the history of the UDC, an organization founded in 1894 to vindicate the Confederate generation and honor the Lost Cause. In this edition, with a new preface, Cox acknowledges the deadly riots in Charlottesville, Virginia, showing why myths surrounding the Confederacy continue to endure.The Daughters, as UDC members were popularly known, were daughters of the Confederate generation. While southern women had long been leaders in efforts to memorialize the Confederacy, UDC members made the Lost Cause a movement about vindication as well as memorialization. They erected monuments, monitored history for "truthfulness," and sought to educate coming generations of white southerners about an idyllic past and a just cause?states' rights. Soldiers' and widows' homes, perpetuation of the mythology of the antebellum South, and pro-southern textbooks in the region's white public schools were all integral to their mission of creating the New South in the image of the Old. UDC members aspired to transform military defeat into a political and cultural victory, in which states' rights and white supremacy remained intact. To the extent they were successful, the Daughters helped to preserve and perpetuate an agenda for the New South that included maintaining the social status quo.Placing the organization's activities in the context of the postwar and Progressive-Era South, Cox describes in detail the UDC's origins and early development, its efforts to collect and preserve manuscripts and artifacts and to build monuments, and its later role in the peace movement and World War I. This remarkable history of the organization presents a portrait of two generations of southern women whose efforts helped shape the social and political culture of the New South. It also offers a new historical perspective on the subject of Confederate memory and the role southern women played in its development.
Published Reports and Articles
"The Ghosts of 1898" by Timothy B. Tyson. Published in The News and Observer, November 17, 2006.
Report by LeRae Umfleet, principal researcher, May 31, 2006. 1898 Wilmington Race Riot Commission.
"University men, social science, and white supremacy in North Carolina" by Gregory P. Downs. Journal of Southern History. Athens, Ga. : University of Georgia, Dept. of History. vol. 75, no. 2 (May 2009)
For many white supremacy leaders in North Carolina, their effort to topple the South's strongest biracial political movement was as much a social and intellectual effort as a political one. Despite scholarly portrayals of its roots in crass ambition or personal neuroses, North Carolina's white supremacy was in fact a mandarin moment led by a newly self-conscious group of public intellectuals. These men were participants, if not leading or systematic ones, in a global project, one in which social scientific theories of progress, race, reproduction, and degeneration inspired new waves of statist reform programs across Europe and the United States. Although their ideas were colored by their particular experiences in North Carolina, they were part of a broad current of what sociologist Edward A. Ross called "selectionist" thought. This statist approach to governance celebrated the role of educated leaders in selecting the proper aspects of society to reproduce in order to drive the nation toward progress and away from degeneration. By placing these intellectual networks at the center of the formation and dissemination of North Carolina white supremacy, this article traces the roles of ideas and of the University of North Carolina in the formation of this thinking class.
-- quote from "University men, social science, and white supremacy in North Carolina" by Gregory P. Downs
"Building a Southern Past, 1885–1915" by Catherine W. Bishir
"Commemorating Wilmington’s Racial Violence of 1898: From Individual to Collective Memory" by Melton Alonza McLaurin Southern Cultures, Vol. 8, No. 2: Summer 2002
"'The Vampire That Hovers Over North Carolina': Gender, White Supremacy, and the Wilmington Race Riot of 1898" by Andrea Meryl Kirshenbaum Southern Cultures, Vol. 4, No. 3: Fall 1998
"What a White-Supremacist Coup Looks Like" By Caleb Crain April 20, 2020, New Yorker
Videos and Films
Wilmington on Fire Speller Street Films presents ; a Christopher Everett film ; producer, Blackhouse Publishing ; director and producer, Christopher Everett [Durham, NC] : Speller Street Films, [2015]
Theses, Dissertations, Honor Essays
"Unholy minglings" : miscegenation and the "white revolution" in Wilmington, North Carolina, 1898-1900 by Patrick Rivers. UNC-Chapel Hill, 1992.
Josephus Daniels, precipitator of the Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 by Alexander Weld Hodges. UNC-Chapel Hill, 1990.
Rebellion and reconciliation on the lower Cape Fear : the politics of race in Wilmington, North Carolina, 1898-2000 by Thomas Donald Bumgardner. UNC-Chapel Hill, 2004.
White supremacy on the Cape Fear : the Wilmington affair of 1898 by Hayumi Higuchi. UNC-Chapel Hill, 1980.
Politics in Wilmington and New Hanover County, North Carolina, 1865-1900 : the genesis of a race riot by Jerome A. McDuffie. Kent State, 1979.
"Asserting our manhood along all lines" : gender and race in the North Carolina white supremacy campaign of 1898 by Arturo S. Bagley. UNC-Chapel Hill, 1997.
Political power and racial violence : the Democratic Party in North Carolina, 1898-1906 by Patrick Nerz. UNC-Chapel Hill, 2008.
A study of racial violence in Wilmington, North Carolina prior to February 1, 1971 by Larry Reni Thomas. UNC-Chapel Hill, 1980.
Pure democracy and white supremacy : the redeemer period in North Carolina, 1876-1894 by Alan Bruce Bromberg. University of Virginia,1977.
Of wealth, virtue, and intelligence : the redeemers and their triumph in Virginia and North Carolina, 1865-1877 by Catherine Silverman. City University of New York,1971.